The Ultimate Guide to Results Day 2016

The Ultimate Guide to Results Day 2016 Results Day is an important time of the year for any student! Finally finding out if all your hard work in those exams and the extra hours of revision you put in were all worth it! Whether you're waiting for your A-Level results to move onto University, your A2 results to move onto your second year of A-Levels or even just your GCSE results. Your future is just inside that envelope. You probably have a lot of questions, hence why we've put together "The Ultimate Guide to Results Day 2016"! When is Results Day? We're pretty sure everyone should know when their results day is since it's only one of the biggest days in the upcoming month! But just in case you didn't know, we'll remind you! The dates for 2016 are: A-Levels: 18th August 2016GCSEs: 25th August 2016 You're probably not focusing on the years to come but the dates for 2017 are as follows: ​A-Levels: 17th August 2017GCSEs: 24th August 2017 What Should I do Before Results Day? You should have already sorted everything for before Results Day, so this should probably just be a checklist to you: ​If you're waiting on your A-Level results prior to going to University, then the smart thing to do is, check Track  and find out how your application is going. The University may have already confirmed your place - this would appear as "unconditional" within Track. You're probably wondering how they could possibly accept your application without you giving them your results, but they actually get your results before you do! If you're waiting for your GCSE results, you should already know if your chosen college has accepted your application. You will usually get a letter before results day, letting you know that provided you achieve the required grades, you already have a place. If you didn't achieve the required grades, don't be disheartened, you may still get a place. Picking Up Your Results The night before Results Day can be a restless one, but make sure to get some sleep and stop panicking, getting worked up and worrying about your results isn't going to change them, no matter how hard you wish it would. Get some breakfast in the morning and relax! When you get to  school, there's likely to be a full year of people thinking the same thing you are: "How did I do?". Usually, you'll find a table or member of staff handing out everybody's results. Open it up and find out how you did! Whether you did great or you fell short of your expectations, don't worry, you still have plenty of options! What Should I Do When I Get My GCSE Results? So you've finally got your GCSE results! Hopefully, you did well! Your GCSE results will be the main impact on your A-Level choices, usually a grade C or above is needed to continue a subject to A-Level. If you fell short of the requirements, you should speak to your head of year or anyone in charge of the subject you fell short in, provided you're studying your A-Levels at the same school. If you plan on going to a different school or college  you'll need to phone the school or college and explain everything to them, they may tell you that you can still study the A-Level you have chosen, but may also suggest an alternative that isn't reliant on GCSE results. If this is something you wouldn't be open to, you could always retake your paper to bring your final mark back up and hopefully achieve your desired grade. It's advisable that if you haven't achieved a grade C or higher in core subjects such as Science, Maths, and English you should retake those exams if possible as employers will require these, at a minimum. What Should I Do When I Get My AS/A-Level  Results? Sometimes you'll get your AS-level results in raw UMS (Uniform Mark Scale) marks, which will leave you having to calculate your own grades. Your AS-level results will not make a huge difference, other than giving yourself and your teachers a signal of how well you are doing in relation to your predicted grade. An AS-Level is equivalent to half an A-Level. When receiving your A-Level results, you should take any university letters along with you so you can check the requirements  they have asked in order to secure your place. You might also need to work out your grades depending on how you receive your results (UMS or Graded). You  Achieved My Expectations: If you have met the offer requirements of the university, your place will be virtually guaranteed, if you're checking your progress on Track, it'll appear as "Unconditional". You are also likely to get a letter in the post confirming your place and detailing any other requirements to confirm your place. You Exceeded Your Expectations: If you did better than you expected in your A-Levels, you will have the freedom to explore more courses through a process known as 'Adjustment', which you can apply for through Track. If this is something that interests you, be sure to phone the university and ask about available places and whether they'd be open to accepting you, be sure to let them know that you're going through 'Adjustment', rather than 'Clearing'. If they offer you a place on an alternative course and you accept, they will update your track for you. You Fell Short Of Expectations: So your results weren't as good as you'd expected. Don't worry, there is still the possibility that your chosen university might still be willing to accept you, especially if you only missed out on the grade by a short margin (Universities don't usually see your UMS points but instead your actual grade, so they won't know if you missed your grade by 1 point or by 40!). Check your Track, if it says "Unsuccessful" you have been rejected by the university and they're unlikely to change their mind. If it says "Conditional" then phone the university and find out what is going on with your application.   What Is UCAS Clearing? Sometimes you might be rejected from both your first and second choice of university (Be sure to try asking if either of the universities would be willing to accept you despite your lower than requested grades). If you have tried asking if they'd accept you despite your grades and they still reject you it's time to get to work finding an alternative university place through  UCAS clearing. UCAS clearing is a way for universities to fill any spaces they have left for the new academic year. This basically means logging into your UCAS account, searching for a suitable course at a university that you'd be open to attending and phoning them for an interview to see if they'll accept your application. If nothing in clearing takes your eye, perhaps you might want to take a year out and go travelling? Get your papers remarked (This will cost you a fee and doesn't guarantee  your grade will go up, it could even go down!), or even maybe re-sit your papers and try to get the grades you need. What Not To Do On Results Day Assume You Won't Need To Do Anything: You'll probably be fine, most students get into their first choice university. But even if you're confident of getting the grades you need to acquire your desired place, you should still be prepared. Make sure you have all the numbers needed in case anything happens. Get Your Parents To Call: You're not 10 years old anymore... If you need to call universities to talk about your options make sure you do it yourself. You're the potential student, not your parents. Have answers to all potential questions you think they might have and remain calm. Accept Any Courses: If you didn't get accepted into your universities, you might think about just accepting any course in order to get into a university, although you do have to work quickly to get the courses that are in demand, you should always take a little time and make sure you find the right course for you. Crumble To Pressure: You might have had second thoughts about yoiur choices. Perhaps you did better or maybe worse than you expected and feel like you need to make chnages to your courses. While this is acceptable, don't feel like you have to, if you don't want to. PANIC!: DO NOT PANIC! Results Day is a hugely stressful time, especially if you haven't got the grades you wanted, but, most of the time everything works out. Just go with the flow and see what happens, panicing never helps. Good Luck!

La Ensenanza del ingles Juridico †Spanish Essay

La Ensenanza del ingles Juridico – Spanish Essay Free Online Research Papers La Ensenanza del ingles Juridico Spanish Essay This essay is going to deal with the most frequent problems in the design of English courses for students of law, the solutions found by the author, Anabel Borja Albi, and the results of the adopted focus. Anabel designed the syllabus focusing on the main principles of ESP-English for Special Purposes. It is a syllabus for the students of law at Jaume I University divided into three half-yearly courses. The large number of students per class is absolutely discouraging -nearly ninety. As a consequence, the lessons are given in huge lecture rooms with fixed furniture and microphones, which are not the most appropriate conditions for teaching neither for learning. Firstly, the analysis of learner needs using questionnaires at the very beginning of the course turned out to be unsuitable since the students were afraid of the level and felt incapable of facing ESP courses. Concerning this fact, the syllabus has to deal not only with the academic aspects ( the students should be able to understand judicial texts in order to investigate and face their professional future) but also with the professional ones ( English for Business is a course of major importance since a huge percentage of students would work in multinationals or firms related to external trade). As a result of this analysis of learner needs, many objectives should be posed. As a measure to tackle these problems this author proposes some objectives such as getting the students familiar with the language related to law gradually in order to encourage them to increase their knowledge in some ESP courses related to law. Another objective is explaining the students how to use the language related to law in English in order to understand authentic legal documents -in this respect, ESP and EAP ( English for Academic Purposes) would be linked. Moreover, introducing specific vocabulary gradually and making the students connect these new lexical items with daily life situations in order to make easier their learning. And last but not least, helping the students with the acquisition of some basic communicative skills to function effectively in their target situation-business. These objectives must be taken into account in the syllabus design. Concerning the syllabus design, we are dealing with ESP courses, in this case English for Law. The specific content is a factor of major importance in the syllabus since it encourages the students to undertake this course and introduces not only linguistic issues but also communicative and practical ones. As an introduction the course tries to arouse curiosity. Then, the first and second semester introduce some vocabulary related to law using realia. Abstract judicial concepts are utterly avoided in these semesters -the lecturer will give priority to concepts which students are more familiar with. Themes are related to work, contracts, firms, etc. Every lesson deals with a legal concept that can present a practical application. Finally, the last semester is quite different -concepts concerning English for Business are introduced. In this semester the course is much more focused on communication. Learners will have acquire more autonomy which will alow them to investigate. Afterwards, they make oral presentations in class which will generate a discussion among all students. To sum up, the syllabus design of a course of English for Law tackles many problems. The high number of students in the lecture room, the bad conditions and an inappropriate methodology complicate the learning. The analysis of learner needs, the objectives and the syllabus design constitute the base of this study. Do not forget any of these points if you want to be successful in your syllabus design. Research Papers on La Ensenanza del ingles Juridico - Spanish EssayStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is Art

Culture and Accounting Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10750 words

Culture and Accounting - Thesis Example This research aims to evaluate and present culture as one of the most significant elements in understanding the framework of the society, for the culture modifies the various systems of the society and it influences the customs, morals and group behavior in and across these systems. The most generally accepted cultural framework in accounting study is the Hofstede’s cultural standards. The use of Hofstede-Gray framework is to evaluate the impact of culture on the implementation and form of accounting, as it shows the influence of culture in China’s accounting system through a thorough examination. Hofstede put forwards common values all the way through the interaction of four parts. These are ecological factor, institutional effects, outside influence and community norms. Hofstede-Gray framework is used to explain and forecast worldwide dissimilarities in accounting systems and to recognize the patterns of accounting growth globally. Accounting practices and systems of a country can influence and strengthen community values. Accounting practices of a country, being primarily a human activity, are affected by the decisions and interpretations in the application of accounting principles and values. The accounting practices of a country are also affected by the environmental features, mainly culture. So the culture, values and customs held by the members of an accounting scheme, have a pervasive effect on the accounting practices of the country. The practicing of accounting system by various cultural groups would result in different decisions and interpretations of accounting system ideas and its relationships. ... of the most significant elements in understanding the framework of the society, for the culture modifies the various systems of the society and it influences the customs, morals and group behavior in and across these systems. The most generally accepted cultural framework in accounting study is the Hofstede’s cultural standards. The use of Hofstede-Gray framework is to evaluate the impact of culture on the implementation and form of accounting, as it shows the influence of culture in China’s accounting system through a thorough examination. Hofstede put forwards common values all the way through the interaction of four parts. These are ecological factor, institutional effects, outside influence and community norms. Hofstede-Gray framework is used to explain and forecast worldwide dissimilarities in accounting systems and to recognize the patterns of accounting growth globally. Accounting practices and systems of a country can influence and strengthen community values. A ccounting practices of a country, being primarily a human activity, are affected by the decisions and interpretations in the application of accounting principles and values. The accounting practices of a country are also affected by the environmental features, mainly culture. So the culture, values and customs held by the members of an accounting scheme, have a pervasive effect on the accounting practices of the country. The practicing of accounting system by various cultural groups would result in different decisions and interpretations of accounting system ideas and its relationships. The cultural relativism on the accounting practices by different systems in a country can affect the reliable decisions and interpretations in the application of auditing and accounting standards. The accountants

Answer One Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer One Question - Assignment Example This implies that obtaining a substantial market share is the â€Å"holy grail† of entrepreneurial marketing. Penetrating a marketing on the other hand is always the daunting task. As such, marketers must always strive to acquire the pitching customer. This requires the development of a brand that will attract one major customer who in turn secures the longevity of the brand by enhancing its market share. The success stories of such leading entrepreneurs as Nike, Nestle, Heineken and Vodafone among many other similar entrepreneurships that operate and enjoy profitability globally continue to portray the importance of the target market in marketing and the need to acquire an anchor customer to help position the brand and safeguard its mass acceptance. Dong this requires the use of the various marketing principles and tools, marketers must always carry out extensive marketing researches and analyses thereby discovering appropriate companies to partner with and the effective marketing tools to use in order to win a substantial market share for the entrepreneurship. This requires the entire entrepreneurship to operate as a brand. The anchor-customers help create an entrepreneurial brand one that operates deficiently yet effectively. As stated earlier, marketing is a vital function of management mandated with the determination and cultivation of the market for a particular product or service. The market is the customers who purchase the product thereby sustaining the company’s profitability. This validates the need for the determination of a customer with the capacity to anchor the product to the target market (Molly 7). The anchor customer could be any corporate organization or a particular region that unilaterally accept a particular product. Achieving this requires the company to either develop an appropriate niche marketing that ensures that the brand wins over the specific portion of the market. Various global brands succeeded in

Juvenile Rights at Time of Arrest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Juvenile Rights at Time of Arrest - Essay Example Juveniles that have left their parents’ home without their guardians’ consent and others that are endangered by the surroundings in any way may also be arrested through the Court’s order. However, certain requirements need to be met while arresting the juveniles (Anne Arundel County, 2010, p. 1). Juveniles are to be granted all Constitutional rights that are conventionally meant for adults. The precautions and safety measures laid out for adult prisoner transportation are equally applicable on the juvenile prisoners. The parents of juvenile offender are supposed to be immediately notified of their child’s arrest. If they can not somehow be reached, then the arresting officer needs to inform the Department of Juvenile Services (DJS) (Anne Arundel County, 2010, p. 1). There are also time limits in detention for juvenile offenders. No juvenile is supposed to be held any more than 6 hrs. In case, the detention time exceeds 6 hrs, the DJS again needs to be noti fied of that. This is where juvenile offenders are considerably leveraged as compared to the adult offenders.

Historical Cost Accounting: Criticisms and Alternatives

Historical Cost Accounting: Criticisms and Alternatives Introduction Accounting is a measurement and communication of financial information about economic activities to interested persons.  [1]  The primary role of accounting is to provide an effective measurement and reporting system which is also accounting information system for decision making. The corporate form of a large business has created separation of business ownership and control. Outsiders of an organization, usually, dont possess first-hand knowledge of the day-to-day running and condition of the business, which makes them dependant, to some extent, on accounting reports for information. Management is considered to be a company insider, who has access to the important information about a company that can affect its stock prices or might influence investors decisions. This creates conflict of interest as company insiders are in a position to exploit a professional or official capacity in some way for their personal or corporate benefit. International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) view that investors need information on risk and return; employees are interested in their stability and profitability; lenders are concerned with loans and interest to be paid when due; suppliers and other traders want to know whether owed amount will be paid or not; and customers are interested in continuance of the enterprise.  [2]  Information is needed by various users to be able to decide when to buy, hold or sell equity of investment; or to access the stewardship or accountability of management. Creditors and suppliers use information to assess security for the amount lent to the enterprise. However, not all users of information have interest or confidence in the information provided by the management. Due to separation of ownership and control; and managements ability of exploiting outsiders for their own benefits, many investors have no interest or confidence in analyzing a companys financial statements. Instead, they rely on market analysis by other specialists about the psychology of the market and its effect on share prices. This report is focused on the historical cost accounting adopted by most of the countries and why, even though has many problems associated with it, have governments accepted this system even with availability of alternative accounting systems. This report details the benefits and criticism of historical cost accounting along with alternatives to historical cost accounting and their criticisms. 2. Historical Cost Accounting The historical cost accounting values an asset for balance sheet purposes at the price paid for the asset at the time of its acquisition.  The historical cost accounting is the situation in which accountants record revenue, expenditure and asset acquisition and disposal at historical cost: that is, the actual amounts of money, or moneys worth, received or paid to complete the transaction.   Historical cost is based on actual transaction rather than forecasts. There are supporting records for all the figures provided in the financial statements. It is also relevant in making economic decisions, as past data transactions are needed for making future decisions. Another defense of historical cost is that historical cost has been used throughout history as financial statements which use historical cost are found to be useful. Profit is the excess of selling price over historical cost. Profit is a very well accepted concept of measure of performance. It is the difference between revenue and cost that determines on decision to continue a product line or division. Historical Cost Accounting is very much based on this concept of profit and loss. Others, in defense of Historical Cost Accounting argue that historical cost is less subject to manipulation of data than other forms of accounting such as Current Cost. The use of current cost or exit price opens the door to manipulation of these numbers. In other words, how are current costs to be determined and how can accountants determine which value is true and fair? More importantly accountants must guard the integrity of their data against internal modification. Criticisms of Historical Cost Accounting Overtime, criticisms of historical cost accounting have been raised by number of notable scholars, particularly in relation to its inability to provide useful information in times of rising prices.  [3]  Historical Cost Accounting record all assets at an original cost and continue to use these historic figures throughout the assets life, while time-value of money is completely ignored. Across time these criticisms appear to have been accepted to a certain degree by accounting regulators. In recent years various accounting standards have been released that require the application of fair values when measuring assets. For example AASB 116 gives financial statement preparers a choice between the cost model and the fair value model in measurement of property, plant, and equipment. Financial Instruments (AASB 139), investment properties (AASB 114), and biological assets (AASB141) are required to be valued at fair value as opposed to historical cost. Chambers in 1966 argued that the historical cost accounting information suffers from problems of irrelevance in times of rising prices. It is also questioned whether it is useful to be informed about something that cost a particular amount many years ago whereas its current value might be considerably different. It has been argued that there is a real problem of additivity.  [4]  The matter at issue is whether it is logical to added together assets acquired at different periods when those assets were acquired with amounts of different purchasing power. Alternatives to Historical Cost Accounting Current Cost Accounting Current Cost Accounting (CCA) attempts to provide more realistic book values by valuing assets at current market buying prices. It takes into account time-value of money and inflation. It is more complex than the traditional accounting, and it has created controversy about what adjustments are appropriate. Unlike Historical Cost Accounting, there is no need for inventory cost flow assumptions such as last-in-first-out and weighted average. The business profit in CCA shows how the entity has gained in financial terms the increase in cost of its resources, which is ignored by historical cost accounting. Differentiating operating profit from holding gains and losses has claimed to enhance the usefulness of information being provided by CCA. Holding gains are different from trading income as they are due to market-wide movements which are beyond the control of the management.  [5]  Therefore, CCA doesnt rewards managers for profits from holding gains and losses which isnt an actual profit and also gives useful information to investors. Supporters of CCA are convinced that it provides more useful information than conventional accounting but still they do not agree on all issues. There is one group who believe in the financial capital concept in which the holding gains is included in the profit and the other group is those who believe in the physical capital concept. Under physical capital concept, holding gains and losses are not included in the profit and are supported by the theory of optimal resource usage that uses current costs as a measure of input opportunity cost. Criticisms of Current Cost Accounting Measurement errors may have reduced the usefulness of current-cost and replacement-cost data. Replacement-cost valuations of plant and equipment often include the cost of technological advances and often these advances would reduce operating costs below the level reported by historical cost. As a result, when replacement-cost depreciation is substituted for historical-cost depreciation, the cost of doing business includes the high capital cost of the advanced technology as well as the high operating costs of the older technology in use, which creates measurement errors.  [6]   The supporters of Historical Cost Accounting criticize CCA because it violates the traditional revenue recognition principle by recognizing increases in the value of the assets, both current and non-current, before they are sold. This is irrelevant as changes in market price dont mean anything until the assets are sold. A non-current asset isnt more valuable to a business just because its current cost has increased. Another problem is the subjectivity of determining the amount of the increase in cost. There are some non-current assets that dont have a second-hand market because it was specifically built or made for that business only. So the basis of determining the current cost must be the new asset expected to replace the old one. CCA also involves a mathematical problem of additivity. This is because the figures generated from CCA arent of the same nature because it involves a variety of measurement models. Exit Price Accounting Exit Price Accounting (EPA) also known as Continuously Contemporary Accounting (CoCoA) has been proposed by researchers such as McNeal, Sterling, and especially Raymond Chambers. Its an accounting theory that prescribes that assets should be valued at exit prices and that financial statements should function to inform about an organizations capacity to adapt.  [7]  Chambers described the entitys capacity to adapt as the cash that could be obtained if the entity sold its assets. Chambers believed that economic survival of the entity depends on the amount of cash it can command and the balance sheet is crucial to these decisions. Chambers used the term current cash equivalents to refer to the amount that was expected to be generated through the orderly sale of assets. He believe that the information about current cash equivalent were fundamental to effective decision making. Chambers stated that the accounting rules used were so different in effect that comparison between companies was often quite misleading.  [8]  One of the main arguments for EPA is that it provides useful information to the users. They believe that EPA reports all profits and losses and values as determined in competitive markets and provides a true and fair financial statement that serves the purpose of the shareholders. Other arguments that support EPA is the additivity function. EPA values all elements in the balance sheet and income statement at their exit prices, which, therefore, provides one consistent rule that could be applied by all or any company. It involves references to real-world examples because untestable assertions arent made such as depreciation. Criticism of Exit Price Accounting According to Chambers model of CoCoA, if assets cant be sold separately, they are deemed to have absolutely no value for the purpose of determining organizations financial position. This is considered to be too extreme by many accounting practitioners and researchers. Assets such as goodwill and work-in-progress have no selling value therefore will be have no value at all in the financial statements. Other criticisms of CoCoA are that it doesnt consider the value in use. An asset that is held rather than sold out must be worth more to its owner than its exit price, otherwise, it would be sold. In case of specialized resources such as a blast furnace has positive value in use, but cannot be sold separately, for the purpose of CoCoA has no value.  [9]  Even though proponents of EPA argue for the additivity of exit prices, the concept of current cash equivalent doesnt recognize the possibility of selling assets as one package. Some assets sold as a package are worth more than when sold individually in the market. This concept has been ignored in the exit price accounting. CoCoA has also been criticized on the basis that exit prices are determined by the price that could be achieved in an orderly sale.  [10]  The sales might be at different times and wont necessarily reflect values at balance date. Therefore, the financial statements based on these values might not be useful for monitoring the companys management. Positive Accounting Theory and Efficient Markets Hypothesis Milton Friedman was the one who strongly supported and backed the positive theories in economics. He stated that the ultimate goal of a positive science is the development of a theory or hypothesis that yields valid and meaningful predictions about phenomena not yet observed. Watts and Zimmerman also stated that the objective of positive accounting theory is to explain and predict accounting practice which was consistent with the views of Friedman. The beginning of positive accounting theory is the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH). The EMH is based on the assumption that capital markets react in an efficient and unbiased manner to publicly available information. The main strengths of Positive Accounting Theories over Normative Accounting Theories are the facts that hypothesis are framed in such a way that they are capable of falsification by empirical research. Also, these theories aim to provide an understanding of how the world works rather than stating how the world should work. Moreover, PAT tries to understand the relationship and connection between various accounting information, managers, firms, and markets; and also analyze these relationships within an economic framework. There are several assumptions made in development of positive accounting theory. The first is that the firm is a nexus of contracts. In relation to PAT, because there is a need to be efficient, the firm will want to minimize costs associated with contracts. Contract costs involve accounting variables as contracts can be stipulated in terms of accounting information such as net income, and financial ratios.  [11]  The firm will choose the accounting policies that best acknowledge the need for minimization of contract costs. PAT recognizes that changing circumstances require managers to have flexibility in choosing accounting policies which brings forward the problem of opportunistic behavior. This occurs when the actions of management are to better their own personal interests. The other assumption is that the managers are rational economic decision makers and will act to maximize their own profit and not the profit of the company. Under PAT, firms want to maximize their prospects for survival, so they organize themselves efficiently. Criticisms of Positive Accounting Theories One of the main criticisms of PAT is that it doesnt provide prescription for accounting and therefore doesnt provide any means of improving accounting practice.  [12]  This, therefore results in alienation of practicing accountants. It is argued that simply explain and predicting accounting practice is not enough. There is no guidance on what people should do, as there is a general absence of prescription. The other criticisms of PAT relate to the fundamental that all action is driven by a desire to maximize wealth. Many researchers find this statement very negative in nature. They believe that PAT promotes a morally bankrupt view of the world. The concept of positive theory is drawn from an obsolete philosophy of science and is in any case a misnomer, because the theories of empirical science make no positive statement of what is.  [13]  And also of course, Watts and Zimmerman do say, We do not contend that all issues are settled, but rather encourage others to pursue, correct, and extend our analysis. Conclusion Quite clearly the several limitations and flaws of the traditional historical costs method have been highlighted and picked upon from time to time. Still historical costs are the standard form of accounting due to its unique features and conventions that make it better than most available alternatives. Historical cost accounting has and is still been widely recognized and accepted by corporations across the world. There hasnt been any development of better alternatives to Historical Cost Accounting. The alternative accounting such as current cost accounting and exit price accounting carry more problems in them than historical cost accounting. For examples countries like Unites States and United Kingdom have tried to adopt current cost accounting system but later withdrew as there were many complexities in using current cost accounting. Even if accounting bodies simply pick an existing method to form the standard of accounting, it will definitely not be better than historical cost accounting. However, in my opinion, the current use of historical cost accounting by many firms have been a contributing factor in masking the true and fair value of their assets. As investors are the primary users of financial statements, priority must be given to the needs and wants of the shareholders. Empirical evidences show that investors want both measurements i.e. historical cost and current cost accounting.  [14]  I believe a process should be created where historical cost and current cost operate side-by-side, which will enhance relevance, reliability, and comparability. Rather than debating between different approaches, focus should be given to implement an accounting system which reports all assets and liabilities at their true value without eliminating the benefits of historical cost accounting.

Cantebury Tales - Relation Of Wife Of Bath To Contemporary Women Essay

Hundreds of centuries before the fourteenth century, during it and yet still after, civilization, led by the educated theologians, politicians and whoever else made up the ruling class, women were looked at as the Devil’s ally – a sensual and deceitful creature who was a constant bearer of sin and the cause of most of man’s misfortune. Women then and now may look upon most of these â€Å"devilish† characteristics as desirable, strong-willed and feministic. Chaucer appears to support women and specifically these devilish feminists by creating two very strong-willed and successful women in the Wife of Bath and the old hag in the Wife’s tale. However, through all of the tough outer attributes, on the inside are the same classic and traditional damsels in distress that require a man just like the women of that time always had. Through the original strong qualities of the two women, Chaucer provides a hopeful example and model for women of now and then. Furthermore, by giving these women some stronger, domineering and â€Å"masculine† features Chaucer is terrifically satirizing the gender roles and stereotypes of the time. Along with all of these strong feminist messages also come out anti-feminism ideals about keeping women in a certain role, causing a lengthy and intelligent debate upon what Chaucer really meant. All of these reasons are why it is important to discuss and understand The Wife of Bath’s relation and influence on contemporary women. Chaucer’s main target of his satirical wit and criticism throughout his Canterbury Tales is the Anglo-Saxon church and even though in this tale he focuses more on the gender debate his fiery scorn and contempt of the corrupt church and its disciples is embodied in the Wife’s prologues first three lines: â€Å"Experience, though no authority, Were in this world, were good enough for me, To speak of woe that is in all marriage;† Here Chaucer, through the eyes of a women, points out that there is far too much reliance on authority, meaning the opinions of older and perhaps ancient writers. This sort of authority was responsible for the horrible distortion of woman’s character and place in society and thus Chaucer felt his satirical and sarcastic attack about love in marriage was necessary. Chaucer does it through the Wife of Bath as a medium to reach the hopelessly ignorant women of the time should they hear of the tale. The Wife o... ...When he had leisure and took some vacation, From all his other worldly occupation, To read, within this book, of wicked wives.† His reading of â€Å"wicked wives† and clearly anti-feminist literature is a perfect example of she no longer having control as is her husbands statement: â€Å"A woman fair, save she be chaste also, Is like a ring of gold in a sow's nose.† By this he means a fair and good woman is no more than an ornament or accessory to her man. Clearly if he was being mastered by a woman he would not make statements such as these. The Wife of Bath, Dame Alice, portrays and exhibits numerous qualities of a strong and confident woman and an unknown feminist. Furthermore, these characteristics are what women nowadays point to as Chaucer’s bravery to point out and criticize the unfair treatment of women over the centuries and eras. Unfortunately for them, Chaucer was not quite as brilliant and innovative as contemporary women would like to think. As evident with the hypocrisy showed by the Wife of Bath. In conclusion, The Wife of Bath definitely has some strong positive messages for contemporary women and even yet he deeper shows them what not to do with the hypocrisy of the Wife.